The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.